因果

Wèile bìmiǎn yīnguǒ tuīduàn guòdù, yánjiū bàogào yīng míngquè qūfēn guānchá jiéguǒ yǔ jiěshìxìng jiǎshè.

To avoid overreaching causal claims, a research report should clearly distinguish observed results from explanatory hypotheses.

Duì fùzá xiànxiàng zuòchū jiěshì shí, dānyī yīnguǒ liàntiáo tōngcháng bùzú yǐ hángài quánbù jīzhì.

When explaining complex phenomena, a single causal chain is usually insufficient to cover all the mechanisms.

Ruò jiāng xiāngguānxìng zhíjiē jiěshì wéi yīnguǒ guānxì, fēnxī biàn kěnéng bǎ gòngtóng biànhuà wùpàn wéi dānxiàng zuòyòng.

If correlation is interpreted directly as causation, an analysis may mistake co-movement for a one-way effect.